Rubrics In Evaluating Student Works Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Rubrics In Evaluating Student Works - Case Study Example The creator refering to (Nitko, 2001) (Moskal, 2000) stated, A comprehensive rubric requires the instructor to score the general procedure or item all in all, without making a decision about the segment parts independently. Interestingly, with a logical rubric, the educator scores isolated, singular pieces of the item or execution first, at that point wholes the individual scores to get an all out score. Mertler, (2001) refering to Chase (1999) proposed that all encompassing rubrics are generally used when mistakes in some piece of the procedure can be endured given the general quality is high. He refered to Nitko (2001) further said that the utilization of comprehensive rubrics is likely increasingly suitable when execution undertakings expect understudies to make a type of reaction and where there is no complete right answer Consequently when discussing by and large quality all encompassing is ideal beside fairly snappier scoring process than the utilization of systematic rubrics (Mertler, 2001, refering to Nitko,(2001). This is fundamentally because of the way that the educator is required to peruse or in any case look at the understudy item or execution just a single time, so as to get a by and large feeling of what the understudy had the option to achieve (Mertler, 2001). Mertler, 2001 refering to Nitco ( 2001) inclines toward the utilization of investigative rubrics when reasonably... it ( 2001) inclines toward the utilization of investigative rubrics when a genuinely engaged sort of reaction is required, that is, for performing errands in which there might be a couple of worthy reactions and imagination isn't a basic element of the understudies' reactions. He likewise proposed the utilization of the equivalent in making an appraisal on a multidimensional level. A rubric estimates execution and estimating execution is only one of the elements of an instructor henceforth before structure a particular rubric, a decision scoring comprehensively or scientifically should be made.

What function does the Joseph story cycle (Gen. 37-50) play within the Essay

What capacity does the Joseph story cycle (Gen. 37-50) play inside the Book of Genesis - Essay Example 1-2) †and favoring Jacob’s entire family, intentionally to at first, show the steady satisfaction of God’s guarantee made to Abraham: Presently the Lord had said unto Abram, Get thee out of thy nation, and from thy related, and from thy father’s house, unto a land that I will shew thee: And I will make of thee an incredible country, and I will favor thee, and make thy name extraordinary; and thou shalt be a gift: with the quantity of Abraham’s relatives developing and their impact expanding in an outside land (Mourna 2008, p. 5). The proceeding with story of the Patriarchs as God’s satisfaction of His guarantee is additionally stressed as the Joseph Story closes (Redford 1970, p. 25), and as the Book of Exodus starts. Furthermore, that at last, that guarantee will be satisfied through a regal administration that will spring from the relative of Judah (Alexander 1993, p. 255) as guaranteed by the extraordinary family history laid out in the Book of Genesis starting from Adam to Jacob and his children (Alexander 1989, p. 5) (See delineation that follows.) In this sense, not exclusively is the messianic prediction set up †that the Messiah will originate from the imperial group of Judah †Indeed Jesus Christ is conceived from the Davidic Kingdom managed by King David, the grandson of Judah from his child Perez †(Gen. 49: 8-9): Judah, thou workmanship he whom thy brethren will laud; thy hand will be in the neck of thine adversaries; thy father’s youngsters will bow down before thee. Judah is a lion’s whelp; from the prey, my child, thou craftsmanship gone up: he stooped down, he framed as a lion, and as an old lion: who will stir him up? yet in addition is the eschatological message: â€Å"The staff will not leave from Judah, nor a lawgiver from between his feet, until Shiloh come: and unto him will the social event of the individuals be† (Gen. 49: 10) (accentuation included), wherein the ‘scepter’ could be handily comprehended to mean rulership (Gunkel 1997, p. 456) of a King,

Different Types of Writing Services

Different Types of Writing ServicesThere are many different types of writing services that are available. Some services will be free and some are not. Sometimes there will be a fee to use certain services. Whatever the case may be, there are a few things that you should look for before making your decision.Writing services are becoming more popular. For example, if you have an advertisement that you want to run in a newspaper, you can get that information done from experts in this field. On the other hand, if you want to create a press release, you can hire a company to write one for you. For example, you could use the company to write a press release that was sent out by your company or you could simply have them create one for you.If you are writing a book, you can hire a company to write it for you. For example, if you wanted to write a book about how to raise a family dog, you could hire someone to write that particular chapter. When you hire the company to write your book, they will do all of the research for you, do your research, and even edit the chapter for you so that it comes out exactly how you want it to. Usually you will pay a percentage of the profits made on the book to the company.A lot of people hire writers to write their wills. It can be a difficult process, and you may be looking for some advice. This is where the help of a writer comes in. They can help you draft your will in a way that is not only legal, but is also helpful to your family.Writers are a type of service that you can find on the Internet. Many writers offer their services in writing articles, press releases, poems, and e-books. The most common services offered by these writers are article writing and blog writing. There are a lot of people who hire these writers to help them in a number of different ways.Writing services are not a new concept. Many people use writing services when they need some advice about something that they are trying to get across to their audience. The re are many times when writing services can help you write a speech, write a letter, or even write a press release. People who hire these writing services are generally looking for help in a particular field.You can also find these types of writing services by checking out the online freelance websites. These types of sites offer a great place to search for writers to provide you with your writing needs. You can usually find freelance websites that specialize in writing services as well.There are many different types of writing services that are available. You can hire a writer to write your personal letter or to write a press release. It depends on what you are looking for and where you are getting your writing needs from. Many people are now choosing to use these types of services to get their writing needs fulfilled.

Othello and Frankenstein Essay - 1929 Words

From Man to Monster When monsters are thought of a very distinct picture comes to mind. An ugly creature that is out for blood, born into a life where causing misery is his driving force. Do these features really define what a monster is; works of literature like Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein and Shakespeare’s Othello tell quite a different story. Monsters are not born but made just as people are not born evil but can sometimes end up there. Othello and the Monster start of as good men looking to be part of society but were pushed out because of what others perceived them to be. This caused them to mentally and physically isolate themselves from everyone allowing hatred to take over. Iago and Frankenstein also helped to instill thoughts†¦show more content†¦Since Othello is being manipulated he finds it hard to be around any one causing him to separate himself from his loved ones and colleagues. When asking to speak with Desdemona to question her on her infideli ty he tells her, â€Å"Get you to bed on th’ instant. I will be returned/ forth with. Dismiss your attendant there. Look’t be/ done.† (Shakespeare IV, iii, 7-9). He is uncomfortable talking to her in the presence of Emilia, almost like an outsider being involved would confuse him further. His separation from all other characters other than Iago keeps him from knowing the truth. This causes his mind to run wild and come up with reasons that justify him in his monstrous actions that have become more frequent. However, in comparison the Monsters physical isolation causes him to mentally isolate himself. After being abandon by Frankenstein the Monster is forced to live on his own in the woods. Realizing that human kind will never truly accept him he asks Victor to create him a mate stating, â€Å"I am alone and miserable man will not associate with me† (Shelley, 118). When Victor ultimately denies the Monster of companionship he becomes enraged again continui ng to lose his faith in mankind. The Monsters physical segregation fuels his mental isolation whole Othello’s mental isolation fuels his physical segregation. Othello and the Monster are also mentally isolated in very different ways. Othello’s mental isolation is driven by Iago’s manipulation.Show MoreRelatedThe Evil Of The Monster By Mary Shelley s Frankenstein1048 Words   |  5 PagesShelley’s Frankenstein, the monster commits a number of immoral acts out of rage. These actions are directly related to the monsters creation and upbringing. The burden of fault for the monsters actions rests on Victor Frankenstein’s shoulders alone. The lack of attention Frankenstein contributed towards the monster, and his life teaching, is directly correlated with the actions the creature made throughout his existence. Although the creature physically caused the murders, Victor Frankenstein instigatedRead MoreEssay Prompts4057 Words   |  17 PagesAP ENGLISH LIT AND COMP FREE RESPONSE QUESTIONS 2004 (Form A): Critic Roland Barthes has said, â€Å"Literature is the question minus the answer.† Choose a novel or play and, considering Barthes’ Observation, write an essay in which you analyze a central question the work raises and the extent to which it offers any answers. Explain how the author’s treatment of this question affects your understanding of the work as a whole. Avoid mere plot summary. You may select a work from the list below or anotherRead MoreAmerican Literature11652 Words   |  47 Pagesattitudes emergence of ethnic writers and women writers Style: ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · narratives: both fiction and nonfiction anti-heroes concern with connections between people emotion-provoking humorous irony storytelling emphasized autobiographical essays Effect: ï‚ · too soon to tell Historical Context: ï‚ · ï‚ · people beginning a new century and a new millennium media culture interprets values Analyzing Poetry: Poetry Tips Analyzing Poetry What is poetry? How is it analyzed? What are

Multiculturalism in the Classroom The Pros and Cons

Multiculturalism in the Classroom Introduction There is a difference among instructing a class in which multiculturalism is the emphasis and joining a fundamental multicultural, comprehensive viewpoint into the classroom environment. Given that there is no worldwide structure of a multiculturalism development that is faultless for attaining all objectives for all students (Chamberlin, 2005, p. 26), discovering a method to shape a multicultural basis for sequences across the disciplines may be a better goal for faculty in higher education organizations. Multiculturalism is an idea that cannot be overlooked in todays culture. It is actual, it is connected to the globalization of higher education, and it is going to do nothing but produce in wealth in the future of higher education locations in the United States. Therefore, it is dangerous that universities and colleges play a leading function in arranging its elements to purpose successfully in a more pluralistic society (Almarza, 2005, p. 1). With that said, this essay will discu ss the pros and cons of teaching multiculturalism in college classrooms. Pros of Teaching Multicultural Education In college and university efforts to organize students for achievement in a multicultural world, instructors really need to recognize that they can play a principal part by revealing students to multicultural awareness in their classrooms. Teachers hold a dominant accountability for generating an environment that cultivatesShow MoreRelatedMulticulturalism Problems1353 Words   |  6 Pages Multiculturalism has advanced these days in many ways allowing people to have more experience and learn from different cultures. It opens the minds of citizens all around the world who cannot travel and improve the way we think about others. Countries around the world has helped us in many ways by giving us their ideas and making our own ideas out of it. Multicultural societies have increased all around the world giving teaching everyone what it is like in different areas of the world. Asians roughlyRead MoreBilingual Education And Multiculturalism2056 Word s   |  9 Pageslanguage (Hidden Curriculum, 2014). Now that we have had the chance to talk about bilingual education and talk about two important aspects of bilingual education it is time to move onto the political trends in regards to bilingual education and multiculturalism. First, we will start with immigration and refugee status. It is important to understand that a student’s family’s immigrant or refugee status can have a great deal of impact on them, as well has have an impact on their education (Noel, 2008)Read MoreWhat Kind Of Cultural Curriculum Should Be Taught997 Words   |  4 PagesThe opposing positions in Chapter 11 talk about what kind of cultural curriculum should be taught is schools today. One side feels multiculturalism is important to teach students tolerance and compassion. The other side feels we are losing out on the American culture and worry about dividing our society. I will cover in the following paragraphs their views as each side tries to persuade the reader to see their side of this issue. This is a persuasive article by a credible author, with each side usingRead MoreEnglish Child Diversity1361 Words   |  6 Pagesexperiences which must be incorporated in the setting in a culturally responsive and socially responsible way to build on his/her strengths and knowledge. (Moll, Amanti, Neff, Gonzalez, 1992). Acknowledging and valuing what children bring to the classroom is an important step in creating an environment for social justice (Hawkins, 2014). A critical multicultural pedagogy ensures that support is provided to the marginalized (Chan, 2011). This implies creating an inclusive curriculum stressing on equalRead MoreEssay on Pros and Cons of Multiculturalism1859 Words   |  8 PagesPros and Cons of Multiculturalism In the United States, the people rule, but in order for the people to rule with the best interest in the whole of society in mind they must have an understanding of all cultural elements of society. Many people believe that if multiculturalism is incorporated into the curriculum, future voters will have a better foundation from which to govern. But multiculturalism is a topic that has sparked serious debate. Many people believe that it is necessaryRead MoreCultural Diversity : An Important Component Of A School Essay1784 Words   |  8 PagesCelebrating cultural diversity is an extremely important component in a school. Having various students from different backgrounds and cultures is a common occurrence in many classrooms around the world. However, sometimes these children do not feel included or accepted and this makes it even more important to celebrate the diversity of the students (Roach, 2015). It is, therefore, the teacher s responsibility to make these children f eel even more accepted, because feeling isolated may be extremelyRead MoreWhat Are We Doing Here?1631 Words   |  7 Pagesshould be made abundantly clear that children and teens are not automobiles or toaster ovens. With respect to these concerns, Guadalupe Valdes seeks to understand the cultures that underpin the vastly complex structure of North American societies. In â€Å"Con Respeto,† Valdes is witness to acculturation, assimilation, and appropriation that perverts the clarity in identity when distinct culture is forced into consensus. The function of family as a beautiful orchestration is contested by the context of itRead MoreDiversity in Multi-Cultural Teams Creates Potential Advantages2825 Words   |  12 Pagesteams creates potential benefits. The essay will initially give the definition of culture and multicultural teams, then explore the advantages and disadvantages of diversity in multicultural teams. Examples of failure and success due to multiculturalism in teams will be present next. Hofstede’s theory of Cultural Dimensions will be used in order to analyse why multicultural teams can sometimes cause catastrophe to businesses. Diverse multicultural teams are considerably important for internationalRead MoreSchool Busing3079 Words   |  13 Pagesdefinition of busing and whom it affects. We will discuss the important events that occurred before and after the landmark court case of Brown Vs. The Board of Education, which touched upon the issue of equality. Lastly, we will discuss the pros and cons of school busing. DEFINITION OF SCHOOL BUSING When most people think of the word school busing, they get the mental picture of a big yellow school bus. This big, yellow school bus goes out to the towns neighborhoods and picks up all the townsRead MoreEssay on Riding the School Bus3017 Words   |  13 Pagesthe definition of busing and whom it affects. We will discuss the important events that occurred before and after the landmark court case of Brown Vs. The Board of Education, which touched upon the issue of equality. Lastly, we will discuss the pros and cons of school busing. DEFINITION OF SCHOOL BUSING   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When most people think of the word school busing, they get the mental picture of a big yellow school bus. This big, yellow school bus goes out to the towns’ neighborhoods and picks up all the

Benefits Of Homeschooling Children s Unique Learning...

Full Title: Benefits of Homeschooling Erica Brown ENG122: English Composition II Instructor Patti Youngs February 6, 2017 Benefits of Homeschooling I. Introduction A. Thesis statement: Homeschooling has become an effective alternative to education that accommodate the child’s unique learning style and provides a healthier and safer learning environment. II. Body Paragraph Many parents homeschool their children because they can provide a healthier learning environment than a public-school system. The home environment lacks drugs, peer-influence, bullying, and school shootings. Parents spend more time interacting with their children one-on-one which, is nowhere close to the large teacher/student ratio within the public schools. 1.†¦show more content†¦A. Claim: More control over what their child is being taught. 1. Evidence: Per Farris, the moral obligation to protect one s child from such indoctrination is protected by a constitutional right. Parents have the constitutional right to obey the dictates of God concerning education of their children. 2. Evidence: The National Center for Educational Statistics (NCES) states that most families who homeschool include their concern about school environment, and an interest in ethical and spiritual education as their reason for homeschooling. Per the source, some said that they wanted to be able to teach their children outside of the basic curriculum. VI. Body Paragraph Many educators feel that homeschooled children don’t interacted with children their age. In fact, many homeschool parents connect with other homeschool parents to establish homeschooling communities where one parent teaches multiple families on one day and another parent teaches on another day. However, the most common argument against homeschooling has been that homeschool students will be socially delayed due to the failure to socialize with other students. A. Claim: Homeschooling parent will be supported by their peers and their community. 1. Evidence: Virtual school’s education programs provide face-to-face opportunities for their students, such as conferences and local field trips. The socialization argument has lost momentum

Contribution of independent reading free essay sample

As a result, the majority of dents who are learning English as a foreign language end up with very limited proficiency even after many years of study. Despite the many factors that may contribute to the low achievement among most English Foreign Language learners, research proved that vocabulary plays an important role in learning foreign language. Vocabulary knowledge is related to reading comprehension. To comprehend a text, students need a lot of vocabularies. Limited vocabularies prevent students from comprehending a text.Good readers often acquire much of their vocabulary through a lot of independent reading. While poor reader often read less because reading Is difficult and frustrating for them. This means they dont read enough to improve their vocabularies. Frequency needs in reading are related to the amount of acquired vocabulary. The more students read, the more vocabulary obtained by students. That is why independent reading is essential for English Foreign Language learners. We will write a custom essay sample on Contribution of independent reading or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Students can choose what to read. The goal of independent reading Is to help students feel confident with their ability.This Is accomplished by reading on a level and genre they feel comfortable with. And when students develop a love for reading, spontaneously the students will acquire vocabularies. 2. Identification of the problem Based on the background above, it can be seen that students who read less has limited vocabularies and limited vocabularies prevent students from comprehending a text. 3. Limitation of the problem Based on the identification of the problem mentioned above, the problem that will be found in this thesis is limited to the contribution of the independent reading and acquiring vocabulary.They often speak and write in English, but they do not have lot of vocabulary. They have limited vocabulary, whereas it is very important in learning a language. Nana (1983) writes hat vocabulary is essential for supporting the study of the second language. It means that vocabulary is the key of success of someone in learning English as second language. Vocabulary becomes an important thing in learning English, because vocabulary is the first basic important thing in learning English. Moreover, Horny (1994) says that vocabulary is the total number of words that make up a language.In addition, Pie (1981) wrote that vocabulary is all the words of language a list of words, often phrases, usually arranged alphabetically, and defined or translated. From those two definitions of vocabulary above, we may conclude that scapulars is the words or phrases that are arranged alphabetically which make up a language. Every language needs sentence, and every sentence needs vocabulary especially English. When the learners speak, write, or listen in English they cannot avoid the vocabulary. Because of that the learners have to master it well.If the learners have limited vocabulary, they will get trouble in speaking or building a good communication. So, the learners cannot deny that vocabulary is one of the important things to communicate in English. 2. 2 Types of Vocabulary Vocabulary is all the words he or she can recognize when reading. However, vocabulary is not only acquired by reading, but also when you are listening, speaking and writing. Richard and Joana (2000) said that there are three types of vocabularies. Those are: a. General Vocabulary, which consist of everyday words widely acknowledge meaning in common usage. Example: table, house, etc b. Special Vocabulary, it is made up words from everybody general vocabulary which is taken on specialized meanings when adapted to particular content area. Example: shop keeper, hand fruit, etc c. Technical Vocabulary, in which consist of words that have usage and application only in particular subject matter field. Example: chlorophyll, stethoscope, etc While Marshall (2010) stated that there are four different types of vocabularies. Those types are: a. Speaking vocabulary It is all of the words a person can use through speech. This is a very powerful vocabulary type, because through this vocabulary, someone can influence other people. For example: When the president speaks in front of many people. B. Writing vocabulary It is all of the words a person can use when they are writing. By having a good writing and ability in arranging the words, someone also can influence many people mimes, both writing and speaking vocabularies are combined and they can complement each other very well. C. Listening vocabulary It is all of the words a person can recognize through listening (listening music or radio). When people are often listening to something with second language, it will make them easy in understanding others who utilize speaking vocabularies. Listening plays a significant role in the overall growth of vocabulary since one can encounter new words from several different sources simply through hearing or listening. D. Reading vocabulary It is all of the words a person can recognize by reading something. This is very important for understanding content produced by those who frequently use writing vocabularies.

Speech Critique Billy Joel Essays (533 words) - Billy Joel

Speech Critique: Billy Joel Speech Critique Billy Joel is a very well known musician that is respected and acknowledged all around the world. I think he was an appropriate speaker for a college graduation. He used one question at the beginning of the speech that would catch the audiences curiosity; Why do musicians give so much time to charitable causes? and branched out from there to important issues. I think this showed a sense of organization and importance to the issue of why he was there. From the commencement of the speech Billy Joel set a personal and comfortable tone. He spoke to the graduates on a level of equality using phrases like maybe its because we know, and Our experience is not so different from those who march to the beat of a different drummer. Which also served as a pun. He used phrases like common emotion and referred to musicians like family. He was able to relate to the graduates and made it easy for the graduates to relate to him, giving reused questions like when are you going to get a real job? When are you going to get serious about life? that musicians are often faces with. He also uses the technique of mentioning famous names to catch the attention of the audience. I also noticed that he chose musicians from different types of music and different times in history he went from Beethoven to Milli Vanilli to Bob Marley. So pretty much everyone could relate. Since Billy Joel has been so successful, his past experiences can be a way learning and encouragement for the graduates. He refers back to when he was 19 and explains how his career began. He spoke about his little jobs and how he was barely making enough money to pay his bills. Most of the graduates are probably going through that stage in their life now. I think he referred to this as a sense of motivation for the graduates. Throughout the speech he gives out tips and advice about making it in the entertainment world. Since he is so respected as a musician this advice is valuable to the graduates. He made music sound like the most important thing in the world, which I think gave a lot of importance to the graduates. He called the talent they had a gift that only unique people like them had. The way he explained music, made musicians sound like the center of it all; music heals, encourages, and even persuades people. It gave the graduates a feeling of importance like their role in society can make a difference in the world. Overall I enjoyed this speech. I think it was appropriate since it was so encouraging. These graduates are about to embark on a new stage in life filled with fears and insecurities and they need all the advice an encouragement they can get. He spoke on a very down to earth level, which made it easy to understand and relate. I think every graduate could leave that speech feeling Billy Joel was not only a role model but also a friend. Speech and Communications

Charles Manson

Charles Manson Charles M. MansonAllen AzarMrs. KardosTerm Paper3/13/95In this world there are cults everywhere. Whether they're in the US, China, or maybe next-door there is always one common factor, control. Charles Manson was a cult leader in southern California during the sixties. Like all cult leaders Manson had his own small band of followers. His influence was so great that his followers were willing to kill for him at his smallest whim.Charles Manson was very paranoid and was under the influnce that there was to be an upcoming race war. He called this race war "Helter Skelter".Page 1Charles M. Manson was born in Cincinnati on November 11, 1934. His mother Kathleen Maddox, a teenage prostitute, his father was a man remembered as "Colonel Scott." In order to give her bastard son a name she married William Manson. He quickly abandoned the both of them.English: Haight Street, San Francisco, California,...In 1939 Kathleen Maddox was arrested for robbery and Charles was sent to live with his aunt and grandmother. Charles remembered his aunt as a harsh disciplinarian and favored is uncle because he gave him money for the movies and took him on frequent fishing trips. Only when his uncle became ill did his unfit mother come and reclaim her unwanted son and moved to Indianapolis.When Mrs. Manson reclaimed her son she promised that she would take care of him and provide for his every need. Unfortunately, all these promises were soon shattered by liquor and men. She frequently neglected Charles by telling him she would be back in an hour and then not show up for the rest of the night. Sometimes when her guilt took her over she would give him fifty cents and another promise; and at other times she just abused him.When Mrs.

Criminology Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Criminology - Term Paper Example The paper, on the basis of the relevant researches conducted on the similar topics, views unemployment, poverty and inequality as the basic reasons behind high homicide rate in the island. Domestic violence, lack of tolerance, class discrimination and ethno-racial hatred can also be stated the imperative reasons behind homicide in the region. The study has been conducted in the light of Marxist and Freudian perspectives, which consider class differences and sexual arousal respectively as the major factors behind committing of different crimes. The paper has also made suggestions for the quick and permanent eradication of homicide from the island. Homicide in Puerto Rico Contents Pages Abstract 3 Statement of the Problem 3 Legal Nature of Homicide 4-5 Homicide Subcategories 6-8 Homicide Statistics 8-9 Puerto Rico and Selected Metropolitan Areas Homicide Comparison 9-10 Homicide Contributing Factors 10-11 Recommendations 11 References 12 Abstract Collected in 2003, the national crime s tatistics of Puerto Rico declare homicide as one of the most dominant causes of unnatural deaths in the country. An overwhelming majority of offenders belongs to young males from 25 to 35 years of age in this Caribbean island. Consequently, the country finds the involvement of its youth in killing of the citizens in cold blood. Hence, the statistics alarm the growth of social evils like poverty, unemployment and unequal distribution of wealth and resources in the country, encouraging the desperate youth to adopt the path of destruction and turmoil for the fulfillment of their desires on the one hand, and to take revenge of social injustices and deprivations from their social establishment on the other. Statement of the Problem The researches reveal the very fact that Puerto Rico Island has turned out to be the victim of homicide in the pattern of the mainland USA, as the violence and crime rate witnessed an upward trend from late 1990s onward. Although the crime rate in the region w as lesser than that of New York and Florida even in the initial years of the new millennium, yet the same appears to be touching the dangerous point putting the social, cultural and economic activities into grave jeopardy. The present study aims to present a comparative examination of the upsurge of homicide in the region and New York by exploring the factors paving the way towards the high rate of homicide criminal activity in this unincorporated territory of the USA in order to address the actual problem on the one hand, and combat with the growing violence in the territory on the other. The Legal Nature of Homicide The notion homicide is aptly applied by the social scientists and theorists to identify the illegal murder of individuals. Homicides are those assaults intended to be fatal regardless of outcome plus those assaults that were fatal regardless of intent. (Daly & Wilson, 1988 pp. 13-14) Since homicide is a vast concept in its nature and scope, it encompasses every type of illegal and extra judicial murder, killing and manslaughter at large. Hence, the term homicide is regarded as the most nefarious offence against the very foundations of law and society, as it not only deprives a human of his life, but also leaves the family, friends and companions of the murdered in a perturbing and tormenting state of affairs subsequently. Thus, homicide and the practitioners of the same are paving the way to

Australian Health Care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Australian Health Care - Essay Example All other duties such as cooking and housekeeping must be assigned to close relatives such as grandmothers or aunts or even paid help (The New Mother - Taking Care of Yourself after Birth). In such circumstances, home visits of an enrolled nurse assume importance for not only providing medical care but also to assist in maintaining hygienic environment so that the mother recovers health that she enjoyed in pre-pregnancy period. The purpose of home visits on ladies who preferred to leave hospitals early after delivery was to ensure these ladies continued to receive medical and hygienic care required by the human body after birth. The concept is not as easy as it appears. There are quite a bit of things to get accustomed to for an enrolled nurse. The child bearing women have their own families and peculiarities and the enrolled nurse must get accustomed to the needs of the woman as well as others in the family. The nurse may attend to the needs of the woman alone. However, she must have communications adjustments with others in the family. The most important decision for the mother is the baby. The emotional and physical well being of the mother is directly related to the good health of the newly born baby. This period involves many changes and learning. It involves both parents and the adjustments they go through to make the baby feel welcome. First of all, the family must be aware of the visits. ... This period involves many changes and learning. It involves both parents and the adjustments they go through to make the baby feel welcome. First of all, the family must be aware of the visits. They must be told of the time when they could expect the visit, and how many people would be making the visit. In case there is someone accompanying the nurse, the family must be informed. The visits are professional and concern the health of the mother and the baby. Thus, the nurse and her companion, if any, will naturally be treated with respect. On her part, the nurse must make sure that she visits the family at the appointed time. Any delay must be informed on phone. Not all child bearing women are healthy. There may be cases where women have chronic ailments. There may be women with diabetes, blood pressure complications, viral fevers, and other health issues. The chances of diabetic pregnant women getting abortion increase with the degree of risk. This is because the healing process for infection and other wounds is much slower than that of a normal person (Hanif, Sadia). Then there may be women with normal health but there are relatives in the house who have their own peculiar nature that may not correspond with the disposition of the nurse. Yet, in spite of these drawbacks, the enrolled nurse must perform the visits and attend the medical needs of the women. Postnatal, the medical care of the women who have delivered remains similar to patients who continue in the hospital. Most probably, budget constraints make the women decide to return home earlier. The enrolled nurse will also check on any material in the house that may pose a threat to the mother or baby, such as sharp

Characters Compared to Celebrities Essay Example for Free

Characters Compared to Celebrities Essay Tom Buchanan is the husband of Daisy Buchanan in The Great Gatsby novel by F. Scott Fitzgerald. Tom can be described as an extremely wealthy brute of a man. He is very athletic and successful. Tom is also very selfish, and he will do anything to get what he wants. In addition he has absolutely no shame in anything that he does and he thinks very highly of himself. Tom is very judgemental and often forces confrontation. These characteristics can be found in many spoiled and greedy celebrities, one of which is Donald Trump. Three qualities that we will examine between Tom and Donald will be greed, selfishness, and  I would think that Tom represents a Donald Trump figure. Toms fairly ostentatious state of being in the opening chapter is something akin to Trump. Additionally, Tom has no problem with the magnitude of me and the sense of his own superiority. Indeed, Trump is similar in that he has no shortage of faith in self. Where I think that their real connection lies in how they feel that their success allows them to parlay this into speaking with an air of authority on any subject. Tom has no basis or any idea to speak of the coloured people or the threatening of the White society. He holds no degrees of advanced study in this field nor does his theory even make logical sense. Yet, because he is wealthy and represents a sense of power, he is able to speak with absolute clarity, and presumes that others will take what he says as gospel, as if the law is being written as it is being said. Trump operates in much of the same manner. He believes that his insights on national topics are relevant because he is a success. He can publicly weigh out a run for the political office of President because of his success and his wealth. His ability to speak of issues such as 9/11 or Rosie ODonnell are only accepted, or entertained because of his wealth. In this manner, Tom and Trump are fairly similar.

Analysis of Virtual Reality Essay -- Virtual Reality Technology Comput

Analysis of Virtual Reality The term Virtual Reality (VR) is used by many different people with many meanings. There are some people to whom VR is a specific collection of technologies, that is a Head Mounted Display, Glove Input Device and Audio. Some other people stretch the term to include conventional books, movies or pure fantasy and imagination. However, for purposes of this research, we restrict VR to computer mediated systems. We would define Virtual Reality as a way for humans to visualize, manipulate and interact with computers and extremely complex data. The visualization part refers to the computer generating visual, auditory or other sensual outputs to the user of a world within the computer. This world may be a CAD model, a scientific simulation, or a view into a database. The user can interact with the world and directly manipulate objects within the world. Some worlds are animated by other processes, perhaps physical simulations, or simple animation scripts. Interaction with the virtual world, at least with near real time control of the viewpoint, is a critical test for a 'virtual reality'. Some people object to the term "Virtual Reality", saying it is an oxymoron. Other terms that have been used are Synthetic Environments, Cyberspace, Artificial Reality, Simulator Technology, etc. VR is the most common and sexiest. It has caught the attention of the media. Types of VR Systems A major distinction of VR systems is the mode with which they interface to the user. We would describe some of the common modes used in VR systems. Window on World Systems (WoW) Some systems use a conventional computer monitor to display the visual world. This sometimes called Desktop VR or a Window on a World (WoW). This concept traces its lineage back through the entire history of computer graphics. In 1965, Ivan Sutherland laid out a research program for computer graphics in a paper called "The Ultimate Display" that has driven the field for the past nearly thirty years. "One must look at a display screen," he said, "as a window through which one beholds a virtual world. The challenge to computer graphics is to make the picture in the window look real, sound real and the objects act real." Video Mapping A variation of the WoW approach merges a video input of the user's silhouette with a 2D-computer graphic. The user watches a monitor that... ...irplane that the inspector can navigate through via voice commands to mark a region of the airplane that is in need of service. Once identified, the application tags the area for transmission to the maintenance database and initiates the proper form for the inspector to fill out. The form is completed and then transmitted to the same maintenance database. When the inspector has identified all of the problems with a particular region, voice navigation is used to continue to other areas of the aircraft. The inspector is not required to take any information about the aircraft, previous defect records, clipboards, paper, etc. with them, everything required to perform the inspection is on-line and displayed in a manageable fashion in real time during the inspection. When the inspector completes the inspection, no further input is required. The inspector is not required to take notes and then pass them off to someone else to decipher and input to the system. The information is already in the maintenance database and ready for verification, planning, and scheduling. The timesaving realized from start to finish of that inspection is 30-50% depending on the inspector and the aircraft. Analysis of Virtual Reality Essay -- Virtual Reality Technology Comput Analysis of Virtual Reality The term Virtual Reality (VR) is used by many different people with many meanings. There are some people to whom VR is a specific collection of technologies, that is a Head Mounted Display, Glove Input Device and Audio. Some other people stretch the term to include conventional books, movies or pure fantasy and imagination. However, for purposes of this research, we restrict VR to computer mediated systems. We would define Virtual Reality as a way for humans to visualize, manipulate and interact with computers and extremely complex data. The visualization part refers to the computer generating visual, auditory or other sensual outputs to the user of a world within the computer. This world may be a CAD model, a scientific simulation, or a view into a database. The user can interact with the world and directly manipulate objects within the world. Some worlds are animated by other processes, perhaps physical simulations, or simple animation scripts. Interaction with the virtual world, at least with near real time control of the viewpoint, is a critical test for a 'virtual reality'. Some people object to the term "Virtual Reality", saying it is an oxymoron. Other terms that have been used are Synthetic Environments, Cyberspace, Artificial Reality, Simulator Technology, etc. VR is the most common and sexiest. It has caught the attention of the media. Types of VR Systems A major distinction of VR systems is the mode with which they interface to the user. We would describe some of the common modes used in VR systems. Window on World Systems (WoW) Some systems use a conventional computer monitor to display the visual world. This sometimes called Desktop VR or a Window on a World (WoW). This concept traces its lineage back through the entire history of computer graphics. In 1965, Ivan Sutherland laid out a research program for computer graphics in a paper called "The Ultimate Display" that has driven the field for the past nearly thirty years. "One must look at a display screen," he said, "as a window through which one beholds a virtual world. The challenge to computer graphics is to make the picture in the window look real, sound real and the objects act real." Video Mapping A variation of the WoW approach merges a video input of the user's silhouette with a 2D-computer graphic. The user watches a monitor that... ...irplane that the inspector can navigate through via voice commands to mark a region of the airplane that is in need of service. Once identified, the application tags the area for transmission to the maintenance database and initiates the proper form for the inspector to fill out. The form is completed and then transmitted to the same maintenance database. When the inspector has identified all of the problems with a particular region, voice navigation is used to continue to other areas of the aircraft. The inspector is not required to take any information about the aircraft, previous defect records, clipboards, paper, etc. with them, everything required to perform the inspection is on-line and displayed in a manageable fashion in real time during the inspection. When the inspector completes the inspection, no further input is required. The inspector is not required to take notes and then pass them off to someone else to decipher and input to the system. The information is already in the maintenance database and ready for verification, planning, and scheduling. The timesaving realized from start to finish of that inspection is 30-50% depending on the inspector and the aircraft.

Navajo’s Resistance on Education

There are many ways to define the word â€Å"resistance. † One way that the Standard College Dictionary defines it as: To strive against; the act of resistance; act counter to for the purpose of stopping, preventing, defeating, etc. That†s how the dictionary defines it. Personally, my definition of â€Å"resistance† is the act of being against someone†s orders, rules, or demands. The reason why we resist some of these orders, rules, or demands is because our belief, morals, and religion come into play. The way that we were brought up plays a big role in our ability of making our own decisions. If we were brought up one way, and someone tries to force us to become someone else, or to mold us into something else, we would not feel right. Due to the fact that we grew attached to many ideas, beliefs and religion. The only natural thing to do is to refuse to give in to the idea of change. It†s a basic and a natural instinct. That†s exactly what the Navajos carried out. The Navajos rejected the idea of being force to become â€Å"civilized,† even after being put into the Bosque Redondo Camp. The only thing to do now was to survive and by all means refuse to accept the idea of becoming â€Å"civilized. There were several activities that the Navajos executed while they remained at the camps which showed there resistance against the ideas of General Carleton of forcing them to become â€Å"civilized. † One of the activities that the Navajos resisted against was the idea of sending their children to school and get educated. To the Navajos it seemed like a good idea, but they had other things in mind. Such as: worrying how are they going to gather the next meal to feed their families? They were living in the worst conditions imaginable. No food, shelter, or extra spare of clothes. They were very venerable to the conditions they were put in. For those reasons many of them got sick and eventually past away. But they did consider the advantages of the education program. Most of them took advantage of the opportunities given. Thinking about survival, they took such training in Carpentry, leatherworking, and blacksmithing (Osburn, The Navajos at The Bosque Redondo: Cooperation, Resistance, and Initiative,† 159). These programs are very useful only when the resources are available. When realizing that the resources were not available, they changed their priorities. Education was the very last thing on their list. Their primary priority was to find a way to get food and survive. As the Osburn states, â€Å"Yet the Indians claimed they were not opposed to education; they were simply more absorbed with the immediate concern of daily survival and considered the benefits of education to be peripheral to more urgent matters, such as obtaining enough food to fend off starvation. Their attempt to procure money and extra ration coupons for sending their children to school demonstrates the Indians† shrewd survival strategy†(159). The Navajos used simple and obvious strategies just to stay alive. It†s very much like if your stranded in an island, away from civilization. Your first instinct is not to worry about your make-up or your clothes. The first thing you have to worry about is how are you going to survive. Which eventually leads you to sub categories as: food, shelter, clothes, etc. It†s easy to say, but it is hard to do. The Navajos had to undergo many obstacles. When they realized that they were not getting enough coupons for food, and forging them wasn†t enough, they had to take drastic measures. Many of the Navajo women had to do things that were against their religion and their morals. The very last resort had to be taken, which eventually brought shame to the Navajo tribe and families. Many of the woman thought that the only way to attain extra food was prostitution. Osburn states, â€Å"Another method of obtaining extra food was prostitution, which was not a standard practice under less stressful conditions. Navajo women were generally considered to be modest and decent before and after the Bosque Redondo years†¦ While the Navajo recognized the degradation of prostitution at Fort Sumner, they also indicated that the women were compelled to set aside their moral prescription because of poverty and hunger†(159). Anybody would set aside his or her morals just to stay alive. Even if it means to kill someone just to gather food. It†s like Darwin†s theory: Survival of the Fittest. The weak people die and the strong survive. It takes valor to do something drastic like this. That is why I respect them so much. It makes people think of just the things we are capable of achieving if we just put our morals aside for awhile, and think about survival when put in a aquared situation and are forced to take extreme measures. Another activity that the Navajos resisted was the idea of â€Å"barrack housing. † Forcing them to start a new life as â€Å"civilized† people and living in a civilized community, the Navajos rejected the idea of living somewhere else that wasn†t their homeland. As the article states,† Carleton had originally planned to house the Navajo in neatly ordered barracks similar to the type of housing found in Pueblo villages. The Navajos, however, found this scheme unacceptable because their traditional housing was widely dispersed. Furthermore, they rejected the idea notion of permanent homes because of their beliefs about departed souls†(160). Lots of people wouldn†t mind starting off fresh and living in a house that was given to them. The reason being because he or she have had bad experiences in their past home and life. They are ready for a change. However, it wasn†t like that for the Navajos. They were already customed to the surrounding in which they were living before the â€Å"white people† took them out of their homeland. It†s like they stated, † The custom of our tribe†¦ is never to enter a house where a person has died, but abandon it. † Assuming that the past owners of the houses were probably killed, they rejected Carlton†s plan. Not only because they believed it was bad luck to enter someone else†s† house, but also because they were being put in an environment that they have never been exposed to. People find themselves very venerable if they have no control of the surroundings in which they are being put into. Very much like a parakeet in a cage. For years, a parakeet depends on its owner to give him food. What if the cage†s door was left open and the parakeet escapes or was left to be free. How would it live in the wild, without having the necessary skills to survive? Knowing that there is a harsh world just outside that cage, the parakeet takes his or her chances. Most of them end up finding a way to survive; yet, many of them just die of hunger because they couldn†t gather food. It†s exactly the way that the Navajos felt. The Navajos have already been customed to the surroundings of their homeland and were not prepared when they were being put into camps or the houses that were provided for them. They had no control over the resources that were provided, if they were any. They harvested many crops, but no luck. It wasn†t enough for everyone. Very much like the parakeets, they starved and died. If they did live through starvation, many of them were exposed to disease, which eventually killed them little by little. Knowing that the Navajos were sick, they never took advantage of the clinics or medicine that was provided for them. The last activity that the Navajos refuse to accept was the idea of getting medical attention. The refusal of â€Å"Anglo medical treatment. † â€Å"†¦ For similar reasons the Navajos refused medical treatment and the post hospitals. The Indians explained that they shunned the hospital because â€Å"all that have reported there have died†(160). When the Navajos noticed that many Indians were dying, the realized that the â€Å"white† people had to do something with it. Perhaps they believed that they were being slaughtered and killed. Not only that, but the Navajos didn†t want to be exposed the â€Å"white† medicine. They had their own ways of curing their sickness. Very much like people nowadays. Many of them do not believe in modern medicine and have their own way of curing themselves. For the Navajos, the only way to cure themselves and to purify their body without any modern medicine was to perform a traditional dance called â€Å"Squaw Dance. † They had their own views on how they believed they got sick. â€Å"According to this ceremony some sicknesses are the result of the ghosts of aliens, either those whom a Navajo warrior has killed or those who died from other causes and with whom the Navajo may have had contact, sexual or otherwise. Touching the corpse or stepping on the grave of an â€Å"outsider† may also cause alien ghosts to torment a Navajo with sickness† (160). Behind every culture, there are many reasons why they perform or do different things to get themselves better instead of using modern medicine. For example, â€Å"In the Navajos world view, illness is an example of disharmony in the cosmic order that the performance of a religious ceremony can correct. During the ceremony, the Navajo invoke their Holy People to rectify the disturbance or order. If the ritual is correctly carried out, the deities are obligated to grant the mortals requests, for a principle of reciprocity governs the exchange. In this regard, Navajo oral tradition emphasizes the importance of healing ritual at the Bosque (160). Nowadays, everyone grew up with an idea on how to get rid of an illness without the use of medicine. For instance, if someone has a nosebleed how do you stop it? Many people believe that lying down is one way, others to pour water over your head and pinch your nose with a wet towel and remain standing. There†s not an exact way. Probably all of them work. It†s just that most of us have been custom to one of these methods, and will not use any other one. It†s just the way we were brought up. Likewise, the Navajos didn†t want to try nothing new. Their beliefs and morals don†t allow it. The only thing left to do is to pursue your values and principles. The Navajo†s struggle for survival depended not only on resistance by their part but also the strategies that they used to attain it. Their primary objective was to survive. They accomplished this by many â€Å"patterns,† but one of those patterns stands out the most. The idea of â€Å"resistance. † They resisted â€Å"formal education,† â€Å"barrack housing,† and â€Å"Anglo medical treatment. † By refusing these ideas, many of them had to perform such tasks that would bring shame, not only to them but to their families too, just to survive. Many women became prostitutes, while others Navajos forged coupons, raided the camps but also fleeing from them, and performed ceremonies for spiritual cleansing. All of these activities played a big role in trying to change the way the Navajos lived their lives. Forcing someone to change, or to mold them in something they are not, will result in confrontation. That is why the experiment at Bosque Redondo failed to work. Gen. Carlton forced the Navajos to become â€Å"civilized† against their will, and in return was confronted and his ideas were retaliated. It was the only way that the Navajos could prevent the â€Å"white† people from forcing them to change their lifestyle, morals, beliefs, and tradition. So in conclusion, the Navajos† actions can be considered â€Å"resistance,† due to the evidence provided.

How Memories Crowd Themselves Out Of The Public Sphere Of...

Yujia Jiang May 1, 2016 GSAH220 - Global Interactions and Identities Safoi Babana-Hampton Communal Forgetfulness: How Memories Crowd Themselves Out of the Public Sphere Introduction Human history is full of major events. Great tragedies, heroic victories, and unlikely achievements all remain long after they have occurred, alive in the memory of the public and immortalized in histories and songs. Over time, though, the importance of different memories changes, and some memories are effectively â€Å"crowded out† of the public sphere of remembrance. In particular, tragic events that were perpetrated by a culture tend to fade out of that culture’s consciousness to make way for more recent events. These events are not forgotten, but they are viewed through the lens of more recent events. The memories of different events build on each other when they share common themes, even when the events themselves are very different, which leads to a collective memory that is based on shared national or international history. Public Memory People tend to think of memories as a set of individual recollections of specific, chronological events. In reality, though, human memory is much more nuanced and complex than just the storage of data like might be stored on a computer hard drive. Memory is far more colored and far less accurate than simple data storage. One individual’s memory of an event may be entirely different than another individual’s memory of that same event because of differencesShow MoreRelatedVampire Diaries61771 Words   |  248 PagesJudith and Margaret and I were driving back from the airport, I had such a strange feeling. When we turned onto our street I suddenly thought, Mom and Dad are waiting for us at home. I bet theyll be on the front porch or in the living room looking out the window. They must have missed me so much. I know. That sounds totally crazy. But even when I saw the house and the empty front porch I still felt that way. I ran up the steps and I tried the doo r and knocked with the knocker. And when Aunt JudithRead MoreSda Manual Essay101191 Words   |  405 Pages................... Mode of Baptism ...................................................................... Ministers Thoroughly to Instruct Candidates Previous to Baptism ........................................................................... Public Examination .................................................................. Baptismal Covenant ................................................................. Baptismal Vow and Baptism ........................................................

Social Medi An Emotional And Legal Commitment Of Two People

Marriage is an emotional and legal commitment of two people. However, Social media comes in many forms, such as Facebook, Tinder, Myspace, Match.com, Instagram, and Twitter. Social media is either a website or application that enables users to create and share content in order to participate in social networking. Some individuals find themselves using social media to find people with similar interests in order to find a relationship. Social media has made it easier for people from across the street to across the world to communicate. Social media has created profound effects between partners in marriages that lead to irreconcilable differences and eventually lead to divorce. According to Jim Halfens (2015), â€Å"’People who use social media†¦show more content†¦With more intimacy between individuals, there breeds conflict. Conflict may be a small disagreement and can escalate into dangerous abusive situations. There are various communication styles that may cause te nsion or feeling bored within a relationship. Avoidance is a tendency to avoid issues and inability to express their feelings that oppose their partner’s that may cause a disagreement. Comparing avoidance, partner dominance is when an individual tries to be controlling or the dominant one of the relationship. In the middle of avoidance and dominance lies assertiveness, which is the ability to express one’s feelings and desires to their partner without being overpowering. Physical and emotional conditions are a contributing factors in a relationship. Some people may find themselves in a sexual rut in which they may find themselves with a low sexual desire, a physical dysfunction, or sexual dysfunction. These may include emotions such as anxiety, and anguish. The individual may also experience physical conditions such as arthritis, fatigue, and headaches that make it more difficult for them to perform sexual activities. Psychological causes such as depression and long-term stress also play a factor in sexual relationships. Cultural, religious, and relationship pressures put a strain on each

Women During The Nineteenth Century - 1562 Words

Women both in Europe and America during the nineteenth century were living in a society that was characterised by gender inequality (Wwnorton.com, 2015). In the early periods of the century, women were expected to remain passive and subservient to the male counterparts. They were denied many of the legal, social, or even political rights, which in the modern world we consider as a right (Wwnorton.com, 2015). Thus, generally speaking women who belonged to the middle and upper classes remained home; they were expected to care for their children and run the household. In contrast, lower class women worked more frequently and so had other roles to play in society, which was outside the home. However they were likely to be poorly paid servants†¦show more content†¦The roles of women were undergoing significant change, and so therefore many of the writers reflect this change in their writing, and so we see different explorations of the roles of women in society. Many of the writers in the nineteenth century explored the role that women played in society. The historical changes that occurred in this period prompted much discussion and argument about the nature and role women played in society. The reform bills of 1932 and 1867 stimulated the discussion of women’s political rights (Wwnorton.com, p. 418). These changes inevitably were reflected in the works of many of the nineteenth century writers, as the industrial revolution presented a challenge to the traditional perceptions of the female stereotype. Emily Bronte’s ‘Jane Eyre’ being a very prominent work of literature at the time, as she challenged stereotypes by creating a female heroine that did not meet the social conventions of a woman living in the nineteenth century. The female protagonist Jane ‘articulates passionately the view that women are not different from men, but need a field of action as much as their brothers’ (Wwnorton.com, p. 420). Bronte presents to her readers a character that challenges the notion that women depend on men, and so we see Jane striving for independence. Bronte challenges the Victorian ideals as her character Jane finds love on an equal basis, and not for financial security, which was an important feature in Victorian society. This

Enrone Leadership failure free essay sample

Enron stands out as one of the biggest failures in business history. In 2001, Americans were appalled to learn of the unethical practices carried out by leaders and other employees of Enron. Enron used various methods of deception to appear more profitable than it really was, including through creating off-the-book entities to which Enron transferred its substantial debt. (Jennings, 2005). Enron implosion took the world capital markets and Shake the investor confidence in accounting and financial reporting. It even caused the world’s renowned international accounting firm Arthur Andersen to collapse. The most important gatekeeper could not predict Enron’s collapse before it occurred. It was then discovered that Enron senior management had employed complex creative accounting techniques to manipulate the company’s financial figures and hence boost up the financial performance. (Cruver, July 2002) This essay explores the internal culture and leadership practices of its top management. It includes a particular emphasis on charismatic leadership, in people like Kenneth Lay and Jeffrey Skilling. The compelling vision of these leaders, expressed in a recruitment system designed to activate a process of conversion and the promotion of culture by conformity and penalizing of dissent. Introduction Enron went bankrupt and disappeared thirteen years ago, the impacts it has made on the ethical standards never faded. It took Enron 16 years to go from about ten billion dollar assets to more than sixty-five billion dollar assets, and took twenty-four days to go bankrupt. Enron, which once ranked as the seventh-largest company on the Fortune 500 and ranked as the sixth-largest energy company in the world, on December 2, 2001, filed for bankruptcy protection in the biggest case of bankruptcy in the United States up to that point. By November 2001, the company’s stock, which once peaked at $90, was down to less than $1. It was a disaster for the thousands of employees and investors. Employees lost their jobs and pensions, and investors lost billions of dollars. Enron’s ethics code was based on respect, integrity, communication, and excellence. Respect. We treat others, as we would like to be treated ourselves. We do not tolerate abusive or disrespectful treatment. Ruthlessness, callousness and arrogance do not belong here. (chairman, 2000) Integrity. We work with customers and prospects openly, honestly and sincerely. When we say we will do something, we will do it; when we say we cannot or will not do something, then we won’t do it. We have an obligation to communicate. Here we take the time to talk with one another and to listen. We believe that information is meant to move and that information moves people. (chairman, 2000) Excellence. We are satisfied with nothing less than the very best in everything we do. We will continue to raise the bar for everyone. The great fun here will be for all of us to discover just how good we can really be (chairman, 2000) As per this code of conduct and Ken Lay’s professed commitment to business ethics, how could Enron have collapsed so dramatically, going from reported revenues of $101 billion in 2000 and approximately $140 billion during the first three quarters of 2001 to declaring bankruptcy in December 2001? The answer to this question seems to be rooted in a combination of the failure of top leadership, a corporate culture that supported unethical behavior, and the complicity of the investment banking community. (chairman, 2000) The Enron History Enron found in 1985 as a pipeline company, there power supplier to utilities. Enron business start through the merger of Houston Natural Gas. In the following years, Enron improve quickly and became one of the successful energy trader in the world. Enron identified as a one of the world’s leading electricity, natural gas, and communications organization. (The Crooked E: The Unshredded Truth About Enron, January 5, 2003) In the following years, with the increase of competition, Enron decided to use diversification and international investment to keep its market position. Actually, these activities brought Enron an unexpected large amount of losses rather than profits. In 1999, after a foray into fiber optics and the broadband market, which was a wrong decision again, Enron suffered too many substantial losses and began bleeding quickly. However, Enron had never declared any information about its losses until October 2001. Besides manipulated the financial statements, Enron never mentioned the risks, which it should disclose to its investors. On the contrary, the executives of Enron disclosed a great earnings forecast through the media and encouraged investors to purchase Enron’s stocks. They also suggested their employees invest their pensions in Enron’s stock or stock options. Arthur Andersen, the audit company for Enron, helped Enron hide these frauds for five years. Every time when analysts or Enron’s employees expressed their doubts about Enron’s financial condition, Enron would try to keep them quiet and fired them later. Meanwhile, top executive embezzled. The executives also drove up the stock price and put a large amount of money into their own pockets through trading stocks. (Mclean, 2004) Because of those frauds, from 1998 to 2001, the stock price peaked at $90 US. â€Å"By December 2000, Enron’s shares were selling for $85 each, its employees had their 401(k)s heavily invested in Enron Stock, and the company [had] a matching program in which it contribute additionally shares of stock to savings and retirement plans when employees chose to fund them with Enron stock† Therefore, both investors and employees suffered heavily from this disaster when Enron collapsed. Problems began erupting in 2001. Jeffrey Skilling, the CEO, left in August of 2001. Then in October 2001, Enron reported a loss of million $. Following that, Chief financial officer Andrew Fastow was replaced, and the Securities and Exchange Commission began investigating the Enron. After about one month, in late November, the SEC found off-the-books entities and overstated revenues, and then the company’s stock was down to less than $1 US. Finally, on December 2, 2001, Enron filed for bankruptcy protection. Investors lost billions of dollars. (The Crooked E: The Unshredded Truth About Enron, January 5, 2003) The Enron 1985 | To be the first natural gas company in North America 1990 | To be the first natural gas company in the world 1995 | To be best performing energy company in the world 2001 | To be the best performing company in the world 2002 | To recover from bankruptcy The Enron Culture Enron’s corporate culture developed inside its office during the heady days of its success and has revealed many signs of how things could go wrong. In general, the top management developed arrogance due to its success, the tone was set at the top and it percolated to the lower level and finally became a culture of the corporation. Enron’s top management, Kenneth Lay and it associates gave its executives freedom to pursue the corporate goal and left them to be and was only questioned when goals were not met. (William, 2002) â€Å"These controls were not rigorous enough, implementation and oversight was inadequate at Management and Board levels, as no one took responsibility for oversight; controls were not execute properly and structural defects became apparent over time. No one in Management addressed issues as it arose or brought it to the Board’s attention† Skilling instituted the performance review committee which known as the harshest employee ranking system as associates had to â€Å"do deals† and post earnings to be ranked high. Secrecy became order of the day for many of the company’s trading as well as disclosures†. (Thomas, 2002) Who to blame for Unethical Leadership Enron top executives lay and Skilling are mainly to blame for the Enron collapse. As intemperate leaders, Lay and Skilling were surely able to lead an effective and efficient Enron, but they lacked self- control and in turn followed a path down a slippery and slimy slope to disaster. They fostered a competitive environment that crushed any little creativity employees had and had them constantly worried about the permanence of their job. Not only were Enron’s top executives intemperate, they were also just plain toxic. Lay blatantly lied to employees, sending emails of false hope. He also conned his employees into keeping all stocks they held in the company all the while he sold millions of dollars’ worth of his stock. As employees of Enron, many were making a decent living. Many shut themselves off from the utter corruption they saw. Speaking out would surely cost them their jobs and possibly their childs college fund. (Cruver, July 2002) Looking back, many would want to say they would have been the whistle blowers, they would have spoken out, but personally, I do not think I would have. Maybe if I did not have a family or anything to live for I would, but I do. It may be selfish, but I believe that too much was at stake. I also find that the auditing firm Arthur Anderson played a key and pivotal role in this collapse. Ordering all Enron related documents to wipe after the scandal illustrates. Fault of Arthur Andersen’s There is no single answer for who is responsible for Enron downfall. There are many different people and groups at vault all varying degrees. Chairman and Jeffery Skilling are most certainly at fault, but I do not think you can blame a man for acting in his own best interests and for doing what he â€Å"thought† would protect a the organization. However, you can blame an organization whose sole job is to audit the books, for screwing up the auditing of the books. For this reason, I put Arthur Andersen most at fault. As a separate entity from Enron, the firm was the only check put in place on Enron’s’ accounting. However, it failed to properly report those findings as evidenced by not only the tragedy that was Enron’s finances, but also by the shredding of documents. Arthur Andersen not only had the information to stop the Enron train wreck, it also had the means of doing so. They expected to remain objective in the auditing of the finances but by instead became too invested in the company and the fees it generated. Whereas Ken Ley faltered in his attempts to keep the company afloat, he still â€Å"tried. † The job of Enron was to produce earning for its investors and they attempted to do so. Arthur Andersen’s job was to keep the books clean and they failed at just that. (The Crooked E: The Unshredded Truth About Enron, January 5, 2003) †¢Way of Leadership Failure and Leaders The Top leaders were Kenneth Lay, CEO and Jeffery Skilling, COO/then CEO. However, Andy Fastow, who eventually became CFO, also played a leadership role in the development of special purpose entities their leadership failed on a number of Stages. (Cruver, July 2002) Ambition and greed created a culture of revenue growth at all costs, Poor financial controls allowed bad business decisions to be masked over, Unethical â€Å"quid pro quo† partnerships with auditors and other external reviewers were developed, and Compensation and bonuses went to the top without correlation to earnings. Enron failed in many different aspects but primarily due to the failure of the leadership team and people in different positions within Enron and other organization to act reputably and responsibly. Key issues were Transparency, protection of shareholder rights, and responsibility of the boards of directors. (The Crooked E: The Unshredded Truth About Enron, January 5, 2003) †¢Leadership influence the organizational culture The best examples in which the leadership beliefs shaped the culture can found in the work of Andrew Fastow. He had tremendous authority to create the Special Purpose Entities. These organizations became a dumping ground for bad assets and a source of cash flow to please Wall-Street: â€Å"First, by selling troubled assets to the partnerships, Enron removed them from the balance sheet, taking pressure off the firm’s total indebtedness and simultaneously hiding underperforming investments†¦Second, the sale of the troubled investments to the partnerships generated income which Enron could then use to make its quarterly earnings commitments to Wall Street† In Enron’s case, SPEs were used widely to conceal the real performance some troubled assets and investments. SPEs were a way of securing capital funds and are very deceptive as we learned later on because it can deviate from the main purpose of creating SPEs. Jeffery Skilling was the first who employed this concept through the creation of Cactus Fun in 1991. Later, Fastow (CFO) took this concept to a new level and created these SPEs mainly for the purpose to sell troubled investments to partnership and remove these troubled investments from its balance sheet. Enron’s leadership was positively rewarding many people who participated in flourishing its corporate balance sheet starting from Andrew Fastow himself through promotion and compensation to other influential outsiders by rewarding them with multimillion consulting projects. By doing so, the leadership encouraged deceptive and shady practices within its corporate governance systems. Whether Lay and Skilling overlooked the SPE practices or encouraged them outright, the culture was such that Fastow could go forth recklessly as long as he returned revenues. The SPE solution would only provide short-term relief from swelling debt pressures. In the end, the SPE’s helped to undo Enron. (Mclean, 2004) †¢Corporate culture and organizational leadership support or undermine Enron vision According to the New York Times, Enron’s vision was to operate â€Å"as a global corporate citizen† conducting business with â€Å"respect, integrity, communication and excellence. † Enron wanted to become â€Å"the world’s leading energy company-creating innovative and efficient energy solutions for growing economies and a better environment worldwide (CSUS). The corporate culture and organizational leadership undermined this vision in that the business did not operate with integrity; instead Enron focused more on off-balance sheet accounting to unjustly enrich the pockets of its top management and meet/exceed Wall Street’s expectations. Such focus diverted Enron’s resources from creating innovative and efficient energy solutions. The culture can easily be summarized as aggressive which lead to unethical behavior in the form of issuing worthless stock options to employees. In addition, during Enron’s takeover in India over 200 million people in India experienced a massive blackout which further lead to Enron demanding more than â€Å"three times the normal rate for supplying power† to re-power the electricity stations. (The Crooked E: The Unshredded Truth About Enron, January 5, 2003) †¢The Most parts of the corporate governance system that failed in Enron Enron failed because appropriate internal governance failure, especially since the SPE’s were specifically designed to write-off bad assets and hide poor profits. The focus on revenue above real earnings was the fault of upper management. Of course, external governance failed to acknowledge warning signs. Clearly at fault, the auditors and legal counsel did not serve the Enron community of stakeholders well. Rather, both accounting and legal entities overlooked discrepancies and errors and favored the relationship with Enron to continue the revenue streams for their own professional services companies. Without appropriate financial information from the auditors and legal counsel the SEC and SYSE (external corporate governance systems) cannot be held accountable for their failure to notice Enron’s illegal practices. If I am in Enron If I am Enron employee. I will have many questions about the condition of the company, and depending on our business intuition, I feel there must be some problems at Enron. But if I ask questions or mention my opinions, I will be hurt right now, such as lose my job, or receive unfair reviews. In the Utilitarian Theory, Philosophers Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill argued that â€Å"resolution of ethical dilemmas requires a balancing effort in which we minimize the harms that result from a decision even as we maximize the benefits† (M.J, 2009) In this theory, when we make decisions, we should consider the interest of all the parties who are affected by our decision and choose the actions which can maximize the benefits. We can just do the most good that we can. It is an ethical dilemma—protecting our own interest with a predicted harm to all the investors, or just protecting most of stakeholder’s interest and give up our own short-term interest. According to the Utilitarian Theory, the answer is obvious. The Categorical Imperative and Immanuel Kant theories stated a standard â€Å"you cannot use others in a way that gives you a one-side benefit† (M.J, 2009) I ask myself the following three questions: Is it legal? Is it balanced? How does it make me feel? If I were an employee of Enron, I would think about the answers for the three questions above. 1. According to our business intuition or some threads, I feel the Management may commit fraud. It’s illegal to help the Management to hide fraud. 2. If I disclose this information to public, I may lose my job. Otherwise, if I hide the information, more people will suffer, such as the investors and stockholders of Enron. 3. I need to disclose these to public and try best to stop the fraud of Enron although I may lose my job. Hiding the facts I know and letting others suffered from that facts, make me feel guilty. Conclusion Enron the weakness is bad leadership. The executives of Enron are really smart guys, but they destroyed the fortune they built in 16 years and also hurt many investors. The fundamental cause of this disaster is that they lack the idea of the business ethic. Therefore, when the executives encounter dilemmas, they chose the wrong way. To avoid another Enron, I have three suggestions for organizations in today’s business world. 1. Organization has to think about their corporate culture carefully because organization’ culture will impact the decision of both the employees and employers when they face ethical dilemmas. As discussed in the third part, Enron’s culture brought many bad results and contributed to its fraud and bankruptcy. Enron had competitive environments and rigorous performance evaluation standards. Besides that, Enron only focused on its financial goals. If Enron gave more job securities to their employees, there might be less cheating on work. Additionally, employers could not make so many decisions if they cared about the interests of their employees and other stakeholders. Therefore, organizations should build a healthy corporate culture. 2. Organizations need to build a robust ethics infrastructure and follow it in the daily business. Only having ethical codes is far from enough. Enron had a well written code of ethics, but many unethical behaviors still happened. So organizations should write a code of ethic and communicate it to all the employees. If you have an ethical code, you should try your best to follow it. Don’t make your code of ethics be window dressing. Instead, organizations should make ethical standards common sense in every person’s mind. 3. Organizations need to learn business ethics theories and models because they are the ethical basis in all the situations. For example, in these theories and models, the impacts of your decisions and the interests of related parties are emphasized. These ethics and models give out good ways of balancing the interests of all the related parties, so they can help you make the right decisions when you face ethical dilemmas. Executives of business should have a good knowledge of business ethics. Then when they encounter dilemmas, they can know what to do. Therefore, to avoid another Enron, organizations should consider whether they have a healthy business culture, whether they have a well-written code of ethics and also follow the code, and whether the employers and employees have enough knowledge about business ethics.

Tomb Of King Tut Essays - Tutankhamun, Amarna Period, Ay, Atenism

Tomb Of King Tut TOMB OF TUTANKHAMUN The most famous Egyptian pharaoh today is, King Nebkheperuru Tutankhamun. Tutankhamun is also known as King Tut. The name ?Tutankhamun? is derived from hieroglyphics which means ?Living Image of Amun.? He was an Egyptian pharaoh of the 18th dynasty, he also was the son in law of Akhenaton. Tutankhamun was not a important King, he is well known because of his tomb, containing beautiful treasures. King Nebkheperuru Tutankhamun's tomb was discovered by an British archaeologists Howard Carter and Lord Carnarvon in 1922. King Nebkheperuru Tutankhamun lived over 3,300 years ago. The period he lived in was called the New Kingdom. During this period the Egyptians were worshipping multiple gods. Amenhotep had abolished this belief and had established a new order to worship the sun god Aten, which then he changed his name to Akhenaten, meaning ?servant of the Aten.? A new religion and capital was established in Thebes. His new city was called Akhetaten, meaning ?Horizon of the Aten.? Akhenaten and his wife, Nefertiti had six daughters, and no one to be the next pharaoh. Ankhesenpaaten was one of the daughters of Akhenaten and Nefertiti. Ankhesenpaaten married Tutankhamun. After the death of Akhenaten, Tutankhamun became the next pharaoh at age 9. Since he became a pharaoh at such a young age, he was not able to make decisions. Ay who was the father of Nefertiti and Horemheb who was the commander in chief of the army was in charge. Tutankhamun was taught many skills when he was young. He spent most of his years in the palaces of Akhenaten, he was tutored in reading and writing. King Nebkheperuru Tutankhamun unfortunately died at the age of 18. There is partial evidence that King Nebkheperuru Tutankhamun might have died of an accident falling off his horse or perhaps he was murdered. King Nebkheperuru Tutankhamun burial arrangements lasted 70 days. King Nebkheperuru Tutankhamun Tomb was located in the Valley of the Kings in Luxar Egypt. Howard Carter and Lord Carnarvon discovered King Nebkheperuru Tutankhamun's Tomb, his tomb contained the most beautiful treasures. It is said that it was a magnificent collection of Egyptian art. King Nebkheperuru Tutankhamun treasures are displayed in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. King Nebkheperuru Tutankhamun Tomb contained more than 5000 items. Although it was robbed at least twice right after King Nebkheperuru Tutankhamun was buried, but most of the kings treasure was still there. The most beautiful piece found in King Nebkheperuru Tutankhamun's Tomb is his coffin made of solid gold. It is 74? long, 20?wide and 20? high. King Nebkheperuru Tutankhamun was shown as Osiris holding the crook and flail. This was the traditional symbol that meant kingship. Another famous item of King Nebkheperuru Tutankhamun is the funerary mask. This also was made of solid gold and was inlaid with lapis, lazuli, cornelian, quartz, obsidian, turquoise and colored glass. King Nebkheperuru Tutankhamun's Tomb contained a set of Canopic containers. The calcite Canopic chest that had stoppers in the form of the king. There was four canopic coffins for King Nebkheperuru Tutankhamun. In addition to everything else found in King Nebkheperuru Tutankhamun's Tomb was the inlaid circlet that was found on the kings head. King Nebkheperuru Tutankhamun's outer golden shrine had standing figures dressed in Amarna style that represented the four goddesses Isis, Nepthhys, Neit and Selket. And just inside the entrance of the king was a figure of Anubis in the form of a jackal. Egyptians were probably one of the most important ancient civilizations of all time. They were definitely best known for their mummies and pyramids. The discovery of King Nebkheperuru Tutankhamun was one of the worlds best discoveries. This discovery was actually a miracle, the British archaeologists were so close to not finding King Nebkheperuru Tutankhamun's tomb, but it's a good thing they did. King Nebkheperuru Tutankhamun's tomb is absolutely a remarkable sight and the Kings treasures are so detailed and beautiful. Its incredible how the ancient Egyptian did all these things. European History Essays

altered states of consciousness Essays - Philosophy Of Mind

The function and process of perception can vary depending on a particular state of consciousness. Normal waking consciousness is a mental state that encompasses the thoughts, feelings, and perceptions that occur when we are awake and reasonably alert (Morris whether naturally or self-induced. While sensory data is inevitable, the brain's interpretation and perception of such stimuli during an altered state of consciousness will differ from that of waking consciousness. This mini-paper will elaborate on the effects of perception, including its process and function, related to three altered states of consciousness. The first being sleep and dreams, next drug-altered consciousness, followed by hypnosis. Before discussing the effects of perception while in an altered state, an overview of the basic function and process of perception in a normal setting is needed. Sensation is the body's initial encounter with a sensory experience. This begins when the sensory receptors receive energy from a particular stimulus, which trigger receptor cells. The physical energy is converted into electrochemicals, then passes along sensory nerves, to the central nervous system where the brain receives the energy as a detailed message. However, not all physical energy produces a sensation. A minimum intensity, termed absolute threshold, must be achieved in order to produce a sensation. Perception takes place when the message reaches the brain and is then deciphered. Here, the sensory information is organized and interpreted to be made sense of. Using sensory information as raw material, the brain creates perceptual experiences that go beyond what is sensed directly (Morris & Maisto, 2010, p. 106). Again , this is the series of events in the normal waking state of consciousness. During an altered state of consciousness the effect, process, and/or function of perception may vary. Sleep is the body's natural way of recharging itself mentally and physically. Research has shown that adequate sleep contributes to cognitive functioning such as enhanced creativity, decision-making, and problem-solving skills, and also crucial to the formation of long-term memories (Morris However, REM is a deep sleep, it is difficult to wake the person, and is when most dreaming takes place. Dreams, in a way, could be considered perception. The brain subconsciously interprets information without the need of sensory stimulation. Psychologists define dreams as visual and auditory experiences that our minds create during sleep (Morris & Maisto, 2010, p. 131). This is an example of a natural occurrence of altering consciousness. Drug-altered consciousness on the other hand, is self-induced. Psychoactive drugs are substances that change people's moods, perceptions, mental functioning, or behavior (Morris & Maisto, 2010, p. 134). Drugs are taken to purposely alter one's state of consciousness. To analyze the effect drugs have on the nervous system, three categories of drugs will be mentioned: depressants, stimulants, and hallucinogens. Depressants slow behavior, thinking, and perception by increasing or decreasing nerve impulses. Stimulants, such as amphetamines, produce feelings of optimism as well as never-ending energy by stimulating the sympathetic nervous system. These drugs cause the release of norepinephrine from adrenergic nerve endings (Weil, n.d.). Lastly, hallucinogens distort the user's senses and induce perceptual changes by causing experiences that resemble hallucinations. A positive for psychoactive drugs is the ability to explore different parts of the brain while in this altered state of consciousness. Although, the negative consequences of abuse and add iction are high risk. The last section is a technique that has been used for centuries for positivity, without the risk. Hypnosis is a trancelike state in which a person responds readily to suggestions (Morris & Maisto, 2010, p. 150). This is an altered state of consciousness that works like sleep. The subconscious person receives a suggestion, which acts as a stimulus, and is sent to and interpreted by the brain. Hypnosis can help ease pain as well as cure an addiction. In conclusion, perceptual experiences vary in different forms of consciousness. Whether it be the sensory organs or the brain itself, interpretation of the coded message is somehow changed.